Reading

What does the passage mainly discuss?

The advantages of using wood in the colonies
The effects of an abundance of wood on the colonies
The roots of the Industrial Revolution
The difference between charcoal iron and coke iron

2. The word “strikingly” in line 2 is closest in meaning to

realistically
dramatically
completely
immediately

3. Which of the following is a common assumption about the forests of North America during the colonial period?

They contained only a few types of trees.
They existed only along the Atlantic seaboard.
They had little or no economic value.
They covered the entire continent.

4. The use of the word “abounded” in line 8 indicates that the trees were …

present in large numbers
restricted to certain areas
cut down
cultivated

5. According to the passage, by the end of the colonial period, the price of wood in eastern
cities …

rose quickly because wood was becoming so scarce
was much higher than it was in Britain
was slightly higher than in previous years
decreased rapidly because of lower demand for wood

6. What can be inferred about houses in Britain during the period written about in the passage?

They were more expensive than American houses.
They were generally built with imported materials.
They were typically smaller than homes in NorthAmerica.
They were usually built from materials other than wood.

7. Why does the author mention gunpowder in line 19?

To illustrate the negative aspects of some industrial processes
To give an example of a product made with wood
To remind readers that the Colonial era ended in warfare
To suggest that wood was not the only important product of the Colonies

8. The word “conferred” in line 21 is closest in meaning to …

consulted
gathered
provided
restricted

9. The phrase “follow suit” in line 27 means…

do the same thing
make an attempt
have the opportunity
take a risk

10. According to the passage, why was the use of coke smelting advantageous?

It led to advances in technology.
It was less expensive than wood smelting.
It produced a stronger type of iron than wood smelting.
It stimulated the demand for wood.

11. The phrase “cling to” in line 33 is closest in meaning to…

try to develop
avoid
continue to use
reconsider

12. Where in the passage does the author begin to discuss in detail the disadvantages that an
abundant supply of wood brought to the colonies?

Lines 1-3
Lines 5-7
Lines 13-14
Lines 21-22

13. What is the main topic of the passage?

The life of Charles Willson Peale
Portraiture in the 18th century
The Peale Museum
A family of artists

The author probably mentions that Washington “tipped his hat to the figures in the painting”
(lines 6-7) to indicate that …

Charles Willson Peale's painting was very lifelike
Washington respected Charles Willson Peale's work
Washington was friendly with Raphaelle and Titian Peale
the painting of the two brothers was extremely large

15. The word “settings” in line 12 is closest in meaning to which of the following?

Environments
Categories
Positions
Requirements

16. For which of the following terms does the author give a definition in the second paragraph?

Natural science
Skeleton
Taxidermy
Mastodon

17. Which of the following questions about the Peale Museum does the passage NOT supply enough information to answer?

Who found and prepared its animal exhibits?
In what city was it located
Where did its most popular exhibit come from?
In what year was it founded?

18. The word “unearthed” in line 16 is closest in meaning to…

displayed
dug up
located
looked over

19. Which of the following words could best be substituted for the word “rage” in line 21?

fashion
anger
conflict
desire

20. According to the passage, Rembrandt Peale and his father both painted …

miniatures
portraits of George Washington
paintings of flowers. fruit, and cheese
pictures of animals

21. Which of the following is NOT one of the children of Charles Willson Peale?

Titian Peale
Rubens Peale
Raphaelle Peak
Sarah Miriam Peale

22. The author’s attitude toward the Peales is generally ….

envious
puzzled
admiring
disappointed

23. With which of the following is the passage primarily concerned?

The possibility of changing the Martian environment.
The challenge of interplanetary travel
The advantages of establishing colonies on Mars
The need to study the Martian ecology

24. The word “stark” in line 3 is closest in meaning to…

harsh
unknown
dark
distant

25. The word “there” in line 5 refers to …

a point 100 miles above the Earth
the Earth's Moon
Mars
outer space

26. Which of the following does the author NOT list as a characteristic of the planet Mars that
would make colonization difficult?

There is little liquid water.
Daytime temperatures are dangerously high.
The Sun's rays are deadly.
Nighttime temperatures are extremely low.

27. According to the passage, the Martian atmosphere today consists mainly of …

carbon dioxide
oxygen
ozone
water vapor

28. It can be inferred from the passage that the “greenhouse effect” mentioned in line 19 is …

the direct result of nuclear reactions
the cause of low temperatures on Mars
caused by the absence of green plants
a possible means of warming Mars

29. The word “suitable” in line 21 is closest in meaning to…

resistant
altered
appropriate
native

30. According to Christopher McKay, the possibility of transforming Mars …

could occur only in science fiction stories
will not begin for hundreds, even thousands of years
is completely impractical
could be started in 40 to 50 years

31. As used in line 29, the term “terra-forming” refers to …

a process for adapting plants to live on Mars
a means of transporting materials through space
a method of building housing for colonists on Mars
a system of creating Earth-like conditions on other planets

32. The phrase “more profound” in lines 30-31 is closest in meaning to …

deeper
more practical
more up-to-date
brighter

33. According to the article, the basic knowledge needed to transform Mars comes from …

the science of astronomy
a knowledge of Earth's ecology
data from space probes
science fiction stories

34. The word “staggering” in line 35 is closest in meaning to …

astonishing
restrictive
increasing
unpredictable

35. The paragraph that precedes this passage most probably deals with

minor diseases other than colds
the recommended treatment of colds
a factor that affects susceptibility to colds
methods of preventing colds among elderly people

36. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “particulars” in line 3?

Minor errors
Specific facts
Small distinctions
Individual people

37. What does the author clainl about the study discussed in the passage?

It contains many inconsistencies.
It specializes in children.
It contradicts the results of earlier studies in the field.
Its results apparently are relevant for the population as a whole.

38. It may be inferred from the passage that which of the following groups of people is most likely to catch colds?

Infant boys
Young girls
Teenage boys
Elderly women

39. There is information in the second paragraph of the passage to support which of the following
conclusions?

Men are more susceptible to colds than women.
Children infect their parents with colds.
People who live in a cold climate have more colds than those who live in a warm one.
People who don't have children are more susceptible to colds than those who do.

45. The phrase “people in this age group” (line 13) refers to …

infants
people in their twenties
people in their thirties and forties
elderly people

41. The author’s main purpose in writing the last paragraph of the passage was to …

explain how cold viruses are transmitted
prove that a poor diet causes colds
discuss the relationship between income and frequency of colds
discuss the distribution of income among the people in the study

42. The word “cramped” in line 21 is closest in meaning to …

cheap
crowded
depressing
simple

43. The author’s tone in this passage could best be described as…

neutral
humorous
tentative
critical

44. What is the main topic of the passage?

The relationship between a plant's roots and its shoots
What can be learned by growing roots in isolation
How plants can be grown without roots
What elements are necessary for the growth of plants

45. The word “themselves” in line 2 refers to …

plant physiologists
solutions
laboratory flasks
roots

46. According to the passage, what is ATP?

A biochemical process
The tip of a root
A chemical compound
A type of plant cell

47. The word “intact” in line 13 is closest in meaning to …

mature
wild
whole
tiny

48. The use of the phrase “comes in handy” in line 17 indicates that the process is …

useful
predictable
necessary
successful

49. It can be inferred from the passage that, in the early spring, the buds of plants ______

"export" protein in the form of amino acids
do not require water
have begun photosynthesizing
obtain organic compounds from the roots

50. Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?

The results of two experiments are compared.
A generalization is made, and several examples of it are given.
The fIndings of an experiment are explained.
A hypothesis is presented, and several means of proving it are suggested.

TOEFL ONLINE TEST SIMULATION 1

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